Backing (driving pressure)

1.  Stand four to six feet away from your horse, facing him.
2.  Walking toward him with energy; if he doesn't step back out of your way within a foot or two, use the following escalation of aids:

• March towards your horse, picking your knees up high and swinging your elbows
• Continue marching and begin to shake the lead rope up and down, putting a small wave in the rope
• Continue marching, sending a bigger wave down the rope until the horse responds.

3.  As soon as your horse takes a step back, relax your body and rub him on the face.