Backing up (direct pressure)

1.  Hold the lead rope about 12 inches from the horse's chin
2.  Facing your horse, walk towards him with energy.  If he doesn't step back out of your way, use the following escallation of aids:

• move your hand back towards the horse's chest
• Put gentle pressure on the rope, pushing back towards the horse's chest
• Put moderate pressure on the rope, pushing back towards the horse's chest until he steps back

3.  As soon as your horse steps back, relax your body and rub his face until he relaxes.